Questions fall under the umbrella term asking. More concepts can be found there. General question
General questions have yes, or no answers.
Choice question
Choice questions ask to choose between two or more possibilities.
Special question
Special questions are called special, because they require a more detailed response than a general question. A special question begins with a question word.
Tag questions
Tag questions are attached to ends of statements and ask for clarity, agreement, or confirmation of the statement.
Conditional question
This category includes what are know as what if statements. These types of questions mainly involve hypothetical scenarios.
Indirect question
Indirect questions are essentially statements that contain an embedded question.
Other
There are questions that don't cleanly fit into any of the aforementioned categories, at least not by how we tag them. One such example are statements that are used in a questioning manner. Some of these fit into a specific category, but others leave it unclear and ambiguous what is being asked. This form of question may be tagged as questioning_tone and may overlap with other question categories.